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Isokinetic Particle and Aerosol Sampling

A particulate result is only as good as the sample behind it, and a sample drawn at the wrong velocity is biased before it reaches the laboratory. This practical course covers aerosol behaviour, isokinetic principles, nozzle selection, sampling train assembly, the calculations and the calibration checks that make a result defensible. Delegates work through equipment, worked calculations and a full sampling exercise from plan to report.

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What you will be able to do

  • Explain aerosol behaviour, particle size and aerodynamic diameter.
  • Apply isokinetic principles and recognise sub and super isokinetic bias.
  • Select nozzles, media and equipment and assemble a sampling train.
  • Perform sampling flow rate, volume and particulate concentration calculations.
  • Carry out calibration, leak checks and sample handling to a defensible standard.
  • Interpret sampling data and write a technically sound sampling report.

Course outline

ModuleTopicMain competency
01Introduction to aerosols and particulate matterUnderstanding what is being sampled
02Fundamentals of particle and aerosol samplingA defensible sampling strategy
03Principles of isokinetic samplingRecognising and avoiding aspiration bias
04Sampling equipment and sampling trainsCorrect equipment selection and assembly
05Sampling calculationsFlow rate, volume and concentration calculated correctly
06Practical sampling proceduresSampling carried out to procedure in the field
07Aerosol and particulate measurement techniquesChoosing the right measurement method
08Calibration and quality assuranceResults that survive an audit
09Common sampling errors and troubleshootingDiagnosing a sampling problem
10Data analysis and interpretationTurning field data into a defensible result
11Health, safety and field considerationsWorking safely around industrial processes
12Practical exercise and case studyThe whole method applied end to end

The 3 day programme

Each training day runs 08:30 to 16:30 with morning and afternoon breaks and a lunch break. Timings can be adjusted to suit an in house group.

Day 1: Aerosols, sampling principles and the sampling train

TimeSessionKey topicsActivity
08:30 to 09:00Registration and introductionIntroductions, expectations, course overview, delegate sampling experience and monitoring objectivesDelegate introductions
09:00 to 10:15Module 1: aerosols and particulate matterFundamentals of aerosols; definition and classification of particulate matter; sources of airborne particles; particle size and aerodynamic diameter; particle density and shape; particle transport, behaviour and deposition; workplace and environmental exposure considerationsDiscussion of the particle sources in the delegates' own operations
10:15 to 10:30Tea break
10:30 to 11:45Module 2: fundamentals of particle and aerosol samplingObjectives of aerosol sampling; representative sampling principles; sampling strategy and planning; personal and area sampling; sampling locations; sampling duration and frequency; total particulate sampling; size selective sampling; inhalable, thoracic and respirable fractionsExercise: choose a sampling strategy for a stated objective
11:45 to 12:30Module 3: principles of isokinetic samplingDefinition of isokinetic sampling; why representative sampling matters; sampling velocity against gas stream velocity; isokinetic conditionsDemonstration of the velocity relationship
12:30 to 13:15Lunch
13:15 to 14:30Module 3 continued: bias, probes and nozzlesSub isokinetic sampling; super isokinetic sampling; particle aspiration and sampling bias; sampling probe orientation; nozzle selection and positioning; the factors affecting isokinetic sampling accuracyWorked examples showing the direction and size of the bias
14:30 to 15:15Module 4: sampling equipmentSampling probes; sampling nozzles; filters and filter holders; sampling heads; pumps and flow controllers; flow meters; cyclones; impactors; tubing and connectors; moisture traps; calibration equipmentEquipment familiarisation
15:15 to 15:30Tea break
15:30 to 16:30Module 4 continued: sampling train configurationConfiguring a sampling train for the objective; matching components; the order of the train; what each component contributes and what it can cost you if it is wrongExercise: configure a sampling train from a component set
16:30 to 16:45Day one reviewKey learning points, questions and discussionFacilitated review

What you take away from day 1

  • A working understanding of particle size, aerodynamic diameter and why they govern the method.
  • The ability to state, and defend, a sampling strategy for a stated objective.
  • A clear grasp of how sub and super isokinetic sampling bias a result, and in which direction.
  • A sampling train configured from a real component set.

Day 2: Calculations, field procedure, measurement and quality assurance

TimeSessionKey topicsActivity
08:30 to 09:00Day one recapReview of aerosol behaviour, sampling strategy, isokinetic principles and the trainQuestion and answer session
09:00 to 10:15Module 5: sampling calculationsSampling flow rate calculations; sampling velocity; gas stream velocity; nozzle diameter selection; sampling volume; temperature and pressure correctionsWorked calculations
10:15 to 10:30Tea break
10:30 to 11:45Module 5 continued: concentration and isokinetic calculationsParticulate concentration calculations; isokinetic sampling calculations; checking a calculation for reasonableness; worked calculation exercisesExercise: calculate nozzle size, flow rate and concentration for a given stream
11:45 to 12:30Module 6: practical sampling proceduresEquipment inspection and preparation; sampling train assembly; leak checking; equipment calibration; selecting the appropriate nozzlePractical demonstration
12:30 to 13:15Lunch
13:15 to 14:30Module 6 continued: running the sampleEstablishing sampling conditions; probe positioning; maintaining isokinetic conditions; sample collection; post sampling inspection; sample recovery; sample identification and documentationPractical sampling run
14:30 to 15:15Module 7: measurement techniquesGravimetric sampling; filter based sampling; size selective sampling; cyclone sampling; impactor sampling; optical particle measurement; real time aerosol monitoring; particle counters; photometric measurement; the advantages and limits of eachComparing methods against a stated objective
15:15 to 15:30Tea break
15:30 to 16:30Module 8: calibration and quality assuranceCalibration before and after sampling; flow rate verification; equipment inspection; field blanks; sample blanks; duplicate samples; sample identification; chain of custody; sample preservation; data quality requirements; sampling documentationBuilding a quality assurance checklist
16:30 to 16:45Day two reviewKey learning points, questions and discussionFacilitated review

What you take away from day 2

  • Nozzle size, flow rate and sampled volume calculated by hand and checked.
  • A particulate concentration calculated from real sampling data.
  • A sampling run carried out end to end, including leak check and sample recovery.
  • A quality assurance checklist covering blanks, duplicates and chain of custody.

Day 3: Errors, interpretation, field safety and the full exercise

TimeSessionKey topicsActivity
08:30 to 09:00Day two recapReview of the calculations, the field procedure and the quality assurance setQuestion and answer session
09:00 to 10:15Module 9: common sampling errors and troubleshootingIncorrect nozzle selection; incorrect sampling velocity; incorrect probe positioning; failure to maintain isokinetic conditions; sampling train leaks; incorrect flow rate measurement; filter overloading; moisture interference; particle losses; sample contamination; incorrect sample handling; inadequate documentationTroubleshooting exercise on a set of failed sampling runs
10:15 to 10:30Tea break
10:30 to 11:30Module 10: data analysis and interpretationReviewing sampling data; calculating sampled air volume; reviewing calibration information; identifying questionable results; evaluating data qualityReviewing a sampling data set for quality
11:30 to 12:30Module 10 continued: concentration and reportingCalculating particulate concentration; interpreting sampling results; comparing results against applicable criteria; preparing technical sampling reportsDrafting the results section of a sampling report
12:30 to 13:15Lunch
13:15 to 14:00Module 11: health, safety and field considerationsField risk assessment; personal protective equipment; safe sampling practices; working around industrial processes; chemical and particulate exposure; hot surfaces and process hazards; electrical safety; equipment handling; emergency proceduresField risk assessment for a sampling location
14:00 to 15:00Module 12: practical sampling exerciseSampling plan preparation; equipment selection; sampling train assembly; calibration; isokinetic calculations; sampling point selection; the sampling procedure; sample recoveryFull practical sampling exercise
15:00 to 15:15Tea break
15:15 to 16:15Module 12 continued: analysis and reportingData analysis; particulate concentration calculations; interpretation of the results; preparation of the sampling reportProducing the sampling report from the exercise
16:15 to 16:45Course review, assessment and closeReview of the key concepts, final assessment, course feedback and key takeawaysFinal assessment and close

What you take away from day 3

  • A checklist of the errors that most often invalidate a particulate result.
  • The ability to look at a data set and say whether it is usable.
  • A field risk assessment for a real sampling location.
  • A complete sampling report produced from the delegate's own exercise data.

Detailed learning outcomes

On successful completion of the course, delegates will be able to:

  • Explain the fundamental principles of aerosols and particulate matter.
  • Explain particle size, aerodynamic diameter and particle behaviour.
  • Explain the principles and importance of isokinetic sampling.
  • Identify the factors that affect the accuracy and representativeness of particle sampling.
  • Identify and select appropriate sampling equipment and collection media.
  • Assemble and inspect a particulate and aerosol sampling train.
  • Determine appropriate sampling flow rates and sampling conditions.
  • Perform basic isokinetic sampling calculations.
  • Conduct representative particulate and aerosol sampling.
  • Perform calibration checks before and after sampling.
  • Identify common sampling errors and sources of measurement bias.
  • Apply appropriate sample handling and documentation procedures.
  • Calculate particulate concentrations from sampling data.
  • Evaluate sampling results and identify potential data quality issues.
  • Prepare clear and technically sound sampling reports.

Who should attend

This course suits environmental scientists, industrial hygienists and occupational health and safety professionals, air quality specialists and environmental monitoring personnel, laboratory analysts, technicians and sampling technicians, process and chemical engineers, health safety and environment professionals, emissions monitoring personnel, quality control and quality assurance staff, and consultants working in air quality and particulate monitoring. It is written for anyone responsible for workplace exposure or environmental sampling who needs the result to stand up to scrutiny.

Recommended entry level

Delegates should work in sampling, monitoring, laboratory or process roles, or be preparing to take on sampling responsibilities. Comfort with basic arithmetic and unit conversion is needed, because the calculation modules are worked by hand. No prior isokinetic sampling experience is assumed, and delegates who bring their own equipment specifications and monitoring objectives get the most from the practical sessions.

How the course is taught

The programme is run as practical, competency based training rather than a series of presentations, so delegates rehearse the supervisory tasks they are expected to perform on their own sites. Methods used include:

  • Instructor led presentations
  • Technical discussions
  • Worked examples
  • Practical demonstrations
  • Sampling calculations
  • Group exercises
  • Case studies
  • Equipment familiarisation
  • Practical sampling exercises
  • Question and answer sessions

How delegates are assessed

Formative assessment

  • Technical questions and discussion
  • Worked calculation examples
  • Group exercises
  • Case study analysis

Practical assessment

  • Selecting equipment and collection media for a stated sampling objective
  • Assembling and leak checking a sampling train
  • Calibrating equipment before and after sampling
  • Selecting a nozzle and establishing isokinetic conditions
  • Carrying out a sampling run and recovering the sample
  • Calculating sampled volume and particulate concentration

Final assessment

  • A full sampling exercise from plan to report
  • Interpretation of the sampling results
  • Preparation of a technical sampling report

Certification

  • Delegates who complete the required assessment activities receive a BMC Training certificate of completion for the programme.

Dates, venues and fees

DatesVenueDaysFeeCalendarRegister
30 Sep to 2 Oct 2026Mauritius3US$1,500Register
12 to 14 Oct 2026Dubai3US$1,500Register
20 to 22 Oct 2026Online3US$900Register
2 to 4 Nov 2026Johannesburg3R13,000Register
10 to 12 Nov 2026Cape Town3R13,000Register
18 to 20 Nov 2026Durban3R13,000Register
30 Nov to 2 Dec 2026Pretoria3R13,000Register
9 to 11 Dec 2026Windhoek3US$1,500Register
18 to 20 Jan 2027Gaborone3US$1,500Register
26 to 28 Jan 2027Maseru3US$1,500Register
3 to 5 Feb 2027Mbabane3US$1,500Register
16 to 18 Feb 2027Lusaka3US$1,500Register
24 to 26 Feb 2027Harare3US$1,500Register
8 to 10 Mar 2027Lilongwe3US$1,500Register
16 to 18 Mar 2027Blantyre3US$1,500Register
5 to 7 Apr 2027Mozambique3US$1,500Register
13 to 15 Apr 2027Nairobi3US$1,500Register
21 to 23 Apr 2027Dar es Salaam3US$1,500Register
5 to 7 May 2027Kigali3US$1,500Register
18 to 20 May 2027Kampala3US$1,500Register
26 to 28 May 2027Accra3US$1,500Register
7 to 9 Jun 2027Lagos3US$1,500Register
22 to 24 Jun 2027Cairo3US$1,500Register

Fees are per delegate. South African venues are priced in rand; other locations and online in US dollars. Fees exclude 15% VAT where applicable. Group bookings of three or more delegates from the same organisation qualify for a reduced rate; contact us for a quotation.

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